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Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Middle East and a strategic gateway to the wider Arabic region. It also operates one of the world's most mature and tightly controlled e-invoicing frameworks: for taxpayers brought into Phase 2, standard invoices must be cleared by ZATCA before they are issued to the buyer. This mix of commercial opportunity and technically demanding compliance makes a single-platform approach valuable for companies operating or expanding in the country.<h3>What you must know about Saudi Arabia</h3><table style="minWidth: 50px"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scope and model</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The mandate applies to resident VAT-registered taxable persons and parties issuing invoices on their behalf across B2B, B2G and B2C. Standard invoices require real-time clearance; simplified invoices are reported within 24 hours. Phase 2 applies in taxpayer waves.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Phased rollout</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">December 2021: Phase 1 introduced mandatory electronic invoice generation and storage.January 2023: Phase 2 introduced API integration, rolling out in waves based on ZATCA's taxpayer criteria.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Formats</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">ZATCA clearance and reporting submissions use UBL 2.1 XML based on the KSA CIUS. A PDF/A-3 representation with embedded XML can be provided to buyers.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Security and QR codes</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Simplified documents are cryptographically stamped by the taxpayer's EGS before reporting. Standard documents are validated and stamped by ZATCA during clearance. The applicable QR code is included in the buyer-facing invoice.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Corrections</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">ZATCA may accept, accept with warnings or reject a submitted document. Rejected documents must be corrected and resubmitted according to ZATCA's rules. Once issued, invoices must not be altered; corrections are made using credit and debit notes.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cross-border</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exports: generally cleared as standard invoices where the Saudi supplier is subject to Phase 2. Imports: foreign-supplier invoices are generally outside Fatoora issuance; import VAT or reverse-charge requirements may apply. Self-billing is not automatic and requires a qualifying approved arrangement.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Inbound invoices</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Invoices are delivered directly from supplier to buyer; ZATCA does not provide an invoice retrieval API for buyers. Buyers must retain appropriate invoice evidence in accordance with the applicable requirements.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Peppol</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not used. Regulatory clearance and reporting take place through ZATCA's APIs, while suppliers remain responsible for delivering invoices to buyers.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Archiving</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Invoices must generally be retained electronically for at least six years, remain accessible and preserve the relevant integrity and audit information. Storage must comply with applicable Saudi VAT, cloud-hosting and data-residency requirements.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Penalties</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Non-compliance may result in warnings, financial penalties or other enforcement action, depending on the nature and recurrence of the violation.</td></tr></tbody></table><img data-width="100%" data-align="left" alt="" data-caption="Saudi Arabia (KSA) Mandate Overview" data-featurebase-content-key="63cfbdd867762f9cf14bf81f/changelog/6aabcb9f02ee247466aeded3/01a0af15-e300-75aa-973a-f30daf702262/b64u-aW1hZ2UucG5n.png" data-featurebase-content-filename="image.png" src="https://63cfbdd867762f9cf14bf81f.featurebase-attachments.com/c/changelog/6aabcb9f02ee247466aeded3/01a0af15-e300-75aa-973a-f30daf702262/b64u-aW1hZ2UucG5n.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260917T150000Z&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=DO801TYC4FCVNNEKURKM%2F20260917%2Ffra1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Signature=7768a7005bbad21d13267b6def2aa0dffd02bf24d6a0cc70001d7abad3c586f8"><h3>Timeline</h3><ul><li>Our Saudi Arabia solution is currently fully available since September 2026</li></ul><h3>How we can help with a managed compliance service</h3>For large organisations, the challenge in Saudi Arabia is running clearance and reporting reliably at volume, integrating those processes with existing systems, and keeping pace with ZATCA's technical and schema updates.With ecosio's managed compliance service for e-invoicing, we help teams:<ul><li>Connect through a single gateway to ZATCA's Clearance and Reporting APIs, with submission visibility in ecosio Monitor.</li><li>Map and transform ERP data into ZATCA-compliant UBL 2.1 XML and validate documents before submission to help reduce rejections.</li><li>Route each document through the correct process: clearance for standard invoices and reporting within 24 hours for simplified invoices.</li><li>Produce a buyer-facing PDF/A-3 representation with embedded XML and the applicable QR code for onward delivery.</li><li>Integrate the Saudi e-invoicing process with existing business systems, including SAP, Oracle and Microsoft Dynamics environments.</li><li>Provide the final invoice artefacts needed for onward delivery and retention. Saudi invoice records must generally be retained for at least six years, subject to the applicable storage and data-residency requirements.</li></ul>Want to know more about Saudi Arabia? Take a deeper look in our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="link" href="https://ecosio.com/en/compliance/saudi-arabia/e-invoicing/">country profile page</a>, where our FAQ answers the questions customers ask most often. And if you are ready to discuss how ecosio can support your business case in Saudi Arabia and many other countries, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="link" href="https://ecosio.com/en/get-in-touch/">get in touch</a> today!The ecosio Product team

ecosio supports e-invoicing in Saudi Arabia: here’s what you need to know

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